Microbiology Notes

  Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer (Transformation) in Plants: Agrobacterium  is a phytopathogen that infects plants through wound sites, causing crown gall disease, and is one of the most popular plant transformation tools used in agriculture to date. Agrobacterium   tumefaciens  is the soil pathogen that utilizes its bacterial type IV secretion system for the transfer of its transferred (T)-DNA into the host cells. The genus  Agrobacterium  consists of different species depending on their disease symptomology and host range. Some of the species of  Agrobacterium  include  A .  radiobacter, A. vitis, A. rhizogenes, A. rubi  and  A. tumefaciens . The organisms of this genus are most notably known as plant transformation tools used in a wide range of host cells. The host range of the bacteria is determined by different bacterial as well as plant factors. Bacterial factors include virulence genes and T-DNA oncogenes, whereas ...

  Microorganisms found in soil with effects and examples : Soil  microbiology is a branch of soil science concerned with soil-inhabiting microorganisms, their functions, and activities within the soil ecosystem. Soil microbiology is an interdisciplinary subject that is closely linked to soil biochemistry and microbial ecology. It involves the understanding of principles of soil science, microbiology, and the chemistry of biological systems. There are two basic approaches to soil microbiology. The first approach is to study the organisms by examining their physiology and taxonomy and the second approach focuses on microbial processes, i.e., what microorganisms do in soil. Soil is a heterogeneous habitat with constantly changing environmental conditions for microbial growth. Soil microorganisms are present in high numbers and have a wide range of metabolic activities and physiological properties that play a vital role in the cycling of nutrients within the soil and are essential...